Hacia un nuevo psicoanálisis de la violencia en Israel-Palestina
Resumen
El pensamiento psicoanalítico ha tendido a integrar la agresión y la pérdida, el trauma y la violencia. Sin embargo, en el caso de Israel y Palestina, esta integración se ha vuelto no sólo éticamente cuestionable y políticamente fútil, sino deliberadamente oclusiva respecto a lo que realmente está sucediendo o a lo que podría estar sucediendo. Queremos rebatir las propuestas que sostienen que el trauma del Holocausto ha conducido a la violencia, que la pérdida ha producido agresión; propuestas que siguen dominando nuestro discurso y nuestro pensamiento, propuestas que impiden la entrada de otras posibilidades y nos conducen a finales fatalistas. Queremos crear rupturas y señalar lagunas en la relación central de la violencia ontológica necesaria para construir el poder colonial a través de la radicalización del inconsciente colectivo de Franz Fanon. A través de esto, esperamos especular sobre un psicoanálisis diferente de la violencia que tome en serio los estudios de caso de Fanon (con especial atención a la Serie A, Caso 5), no sólo como una intervención política, sino también como una intervención profundamente psicoanalítica. Nuestro artículo comienza por un rastreo de las posiciones psicoanalíticas históricamente liberales y seculares sobre Israel y Palestina que, en última instancia, argumentamos, se quedan cortas y de hecho refuerzan el orden sionista colonial, en parte porque su análisis psicoanalítico se basa en un concepto de una modernidad humanista liberal que siempre es una formación colonial. De hecho, el psicoanálisis no es inmune al orden segregado (Fanon, 1967), pero es cómplice de él y se constituye a través de él. Teorizamos aún más la posición contestataria y marginal de Fanon en el psicoanálisis y las formas en que esta contestación es esencial para reproducir los órdenes coloniales actuales. Luego pensamos con el teórico político anticolonial Aimé Césaire para proponer un refinamiento crítico de las perspectivas psicoanalíticas existentes y emergentes en sintonía con las responsabilidades ético-políticas. Argumentamos a favor de una concepción psicoanalítica de la violencia colonial que parta de la psique de los “miserables” y vaya del confinamiento a la liberación.
Citas
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